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Archives Volume-12, Issue-1 (January-June)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
VIRTUAL LIBRARY: A NEW VISION
Author Name:
Mandeep Kaur, Babita Rani
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15349301
Page No.:
1-4
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VIRTUAL LIBRARY: A NEW VISION
Author: Mandeep Kaur, Babita Rani

In the ever-evolving landscape of information management and dissemination, a virtual
library has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping how individuals access, interact
with, and contribute to knowledge. Unlike its traditional brick-and-mortar counterpart, a
virtual library transcends physical boundaries, existing in the digital realm to offer a dynamic
and accessible repository of resources. Seamlessly integrating technology, information
sciences, and innovative services, virtual libraries provide users unprecedented flexibility in
exploring various digital content, from scholarly articles and e-books to multimedia
resources. As society becomes increasingly interconnected, the virtual library stands as a
testament to the democratization of information, offering a platform that adapts to the diverse
needs of users across the globe.
KEYWORDS: virtual .electronics resources. Internet

Paper Title:
THE IMPACT OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) ON SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION: A REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE
Author Name:
Krishna Kumar TP, Suriakala R, Krishnaprasad A, Dhanya Nair
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15349369
Page No.:
5-13
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THE IMPACT OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) ON SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION: A REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE
Author: Krishna Kumar TP, Suriakala R, Krishnaprasad A, Dhanya Nair

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing supply chain management by enhancing realtime
visibility, automation, and operational efficiency. This paper presents a secondary study
on the role of IoT in optimizing supply chains, analyzing recent literature to identify key
challenges and opportunities. Challenges include cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns,
interoperability issues, and high implementation costs. Conversely, IoT offers opportunities
such as improved tracking, predictive analytics, automation, and enhanced supply chain
resilience. By integrating IoT technologies like sensors, cloud computing, and artificial
intelligence, organizations can optimize logistics, inventory management, and demand
forecasting. This study highlights how IoT-driven innovations contribute to agility,
transparency, and sustainability in global supply chains. However, successful implementation
requires addressing regulatory concerns, investing in secure infrastructures, and fostering
collaboration between stakeholders. The findings provide valuable insights for businesses and
policymakers aiming to leverage IoT for supply chain optimization. This research contributes
to the growing discourse on digital transformation, emphasizing the need for strategic
planning to maximize the benefits of IoT adoption in supply chains.
Keywords- Internet of Things (IoT), Supply Chain Optimization, Real-time Visibility,
Predictive Analytics, Cybersecurity Risks, Digital Transformation

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF SECURING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MODERN CYBER SECURITY CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Author Name:
Asma Jawed, Dr. Prem Chandra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15469764
Page No.:
14-23
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AN ANALYSIS OF SECURING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MODERN CYBER SECURITY CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Author: Asma Jawed, Dr. Prem Chandra

Cyber security is a critical aspect of information technology, essential for protecting sensitive
data in today’s digital landscape. As technology evolves, securing information has become
one of the foremost challenges, with cyber crimes escalating at an alarming rate. When
discussing cyber security, the prevalent concern is the rise in cyber crimes, which continues
to grow exponentially. Governments and organizations are implementing various strategies
to combat these threats, yet cyber security remains a significant concern. This paper explores
the multifaceted challenges faced by cyber security in the context of emerging technologies.
It delves into current trends, techniques, and ethical considerations that are reshaping the
field. By examining the latest advancements and threats, the paper aims to provide a
comprehensive understanding of how cyber security is evolving and the ongoing efforts to
address its challenges. The focus includes a detailed analysis of contemporary cyber security
measures, the impact of new technologies, and the ethical frameworks guiding secure
practices in the digital age.
Keywords: Cyber Security, Cyber Crime, Cyber Ethics, Social Media, Cloud Computing,
Android Apps

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF GIG ECONOMY ON TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT MODELS: A STUDY WITH INDIAN CONTEXT
Author Name:
Dr. Garvita Singh, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Shastri
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15502149
Page No.:
24-29
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IMPACT OF GIG ECONOMY ON TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT MODELS: A STUDY WITH INDIAN CONTEXT
Author: Dr. Garvita Singh, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Shastri

The gig economy, characterized by short-term contracts and freelance work, has rapidly transformed the traditional employment landscape. This shift is driven by technological advancements, changing workforce preferences, and the rise of digital platforms that connect workers with temporary job opportunities.The proliferation of smart phones and internet access has enabled platforms like Uber, Task Rabbit, and Upwork to flourish. These platforms facilitate the matching of gig workers with clients, making it easier for individuals to find and perform short-term jobs.Many workers, especially millennials and Gen Z, prioritize flexibility and autonomy over the stability of traditional employment. The gig economy offers the freedom to choose when, where, and how to work, catering to these evolving preferences.Economic downturns and job market fluctuations have pushed many individuals to seek alternative income sources. Gig work provides a viable option for those looking to supplement their income or transition between jobs.Gig workers enjoy the ability to set their own schedules and work from various locations. This flexibility is particularly appealing to those balancing multiple responsibilities, such as students or caregivers.The gig economy encompasses a wide range of jobs, from ride-sharing and food delivery to freelance writing and graphic design. This diversity allows workers to explore different fields and develop varied skill sets.Gig work fosters an entrepreneurial mindset, encouraging individuals to market their skills, manage their time effectively, and builds their personal brand. Unlike traditional employees; gig workers often do not receive benefits such as health insurance, paid leave, or retirement plans. This lack of social security can lead to financial instability. Gig work is inherently unstable, with income fluctuating based on demand and availability of jobs. This unpredictability can make long-term financial planning difficult. Theclassification of gig workers as independent contractors rather than employees has sparked debates over labor rights and protections. Ensuring fair treatment and adequate protection for gig workers remains a significant challenge. As the gig economy continues to grow, it is essential to address the challenges faced by gig workers. Policymakers, businesses, and gig platforms must collaborate to develop frameworks that provide social security, fair wages, and legal protections for gig workers. Additionally, fostering a supportive environment for skill development and career progression will be crucial in ensuring the sustainability of the gig economy.

Paper Title:
ROLE OF WOMEN IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
Author Name:
Shinder Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15542525
Page No.:
30-41
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ROLE OF WOMEN IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
Author: Shinder Kaur

The Information Technology (IT) sector in India has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past three decades, establishing itself as a global technology hub and a key contributor to the national economy. Among its most profound socio-economic impacts is the increased inclusion of women in the formal workforce. The sector’s relatively open recruitment practices, skill-based evaluation, and digital workplace culture have created unprecedented opportunities for Indian women to pursue professional careers, particularly in urban and semi-urban regions.
This research paper explores the current role of women in India’s IT industry, assessing their participation across various organizational levels, from entry to executive leadership. Drawing upon recent employment statistics, industry surveys, and corporate case studies, it highlights both the progress and persistent barriers—such as gender bias, unequal career advancement, and balancing work-family responsibilities—that influence women's career trajectories in IT.
The paper also analyzes recent trends including the impact of remote work, hybrid work cultures post-COVID-19, the emergence of women-led tech startups, and institutional efforts to foster gender diversity. Concluding with a set of policy and organizational recommendations, the study advocates for a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable IT ecosystem where women can thrive as leaders, innovators, and entrepreneurs.
Keywords
Work-Life Integration in Tech, Women Leadership in IT, Digital Skilling for Women, Tech Entrepreneurship among Women, Return-to-Work Programs, Inclusive Workplace Policies, Hybrid Work and Gender Equity, Government Initiatives for Women in Tech, Career Barriers for Women in IT, Digital Economy and Women Empowerment, Rural Women in Information Technology, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in IT.

Paper Title:
AI WORKLOAD OPTIMIZATION IN HYBRID CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS
Author Name:
Sahib Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15599683
Page No.:
42-45
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AI WORKLOAD OPTIMIZATION IN HYBRID CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS
Author: Sahib Singh

Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads are becoming increasingly complex, resource-intensive, and time-sensitive. Hybrid cloud environments, combining private and public cloud infrastructures, offer a flexible and scalable solution to manage these workloads. This paper explores strategies and technologies for optimizing AI workloads in hybrid cloud environments, focusing on resource allocation, cost efficiency, latency reduction, and system reliability. By examining modern orchestration tools, AI-specific infrastructure needs, and case studies, this research highlights best practices and emerging trends in workload optimization.
Keywords : AI Workload Management, Hybrid Cloud Computing, ML Learning Cost-Aware Scheduling

Paper Title:
E-LEARNING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN DIGITAL WORLD: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BENEFITS & CHALLENGES
Author Name:
Ritu Walia
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15599724
Page No.:
46-51
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E-LEARNING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN DIGITAL WORLD: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BENEFITS & CHALLENGES
Author: Ritu Walia

This study explores the significance of incorporating e-learning in higher education teaching. The integration of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching and learning has become a crucial focus for institutions of higher learning. This research provides a scholarly foundation by examining the contributions of various scholars and institutions to the understanding of E-learning, with a particular emphasis on its application within higher education. It addresses the scope and relevance of E-learning, its role in academic environments, and discusses both the benefits and challenges associated with its adoption and implementation in higher education settings. By leveraging digital platforms, E-learning offers advantages such as flexibility, accessibility and cost-effectiveness but also presents some challenges such as reduce social interaction, lack of immediate feedback and concern about student engagement. The findings highlight the need for a balanced, inclusive and pedagogically sound approach to maximize the potential of e-learning while mitigating its limitations. For E-learning to succeed, institution must prioritize learner support, digital inclusion and interactive course design.
Keywords: E-learning, ICT, Teaching and Learning, WebCT, Digital Library, Knowledge Representation.

Paper Title:
AWARENESS AND ACCESSIBILITY OF E-RESOURCES AMONG THE EMPLOYEES AND STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Gaurav Jain, Rakesh Kumar Khare
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15622069
Page No.:
52-66
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AWARENESS AND ACCESSIBILITY OF E-RESOURCES AMONG THE EMPLOYEES AND STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
Author: Gaurav Jain, Rakesh Kumar Khare

The study examines the awareness and accessibility levels of electronic resources (EResources) among employees and students within academic and institutional environments.
In the digital era, E-Resources have become central to research, learning, and professional growth. Yet, differences in awareness and use continue to exist among user groups. This
study seeks to compare the availability, usage frequency, problems, and E-Resource preferences among employees and students. A quantitative research design was used, where
structured questionnaires were administered to a sample of 200 participants from both groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The conclusions
indicate wide gaps in levels of awareness, access platforms, and usage frequency between the two groups, necessitating specific digital literacy interventions. The article concludes with
suggestions to improve E-Resource utilization and accessibility among all groups.

Paper Title:
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF PAIN PROGRESSION USING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Author Name:
Riddhi H Chawla, Renu Pathak
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15674138
Page No.:
67-77
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MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF PAIN PROGRESSION USING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Author: Riddhi H Chawla, Renu Pathak

Pain progression is a critical area of study for understanding patient recovery and optimizing post-operative care. This research utilizes differential equations to model the dynamics of pain progression in patients, aiming to provide predictive insights that can enhance personalized pain management strategies. Focusing on key variables such as pain intensity, duration of pain, inflammation markers, and recovery timelines in TKR patients. The proposed differential equation model integrates these clinical parameters to capture the trajectory of pain over time, incorporating factors such as tissue healing, inflammation response, and nerve sensitization., the model aims to reveal patterns and trends in pain progression, enabling healthcare providers to better understand the factors influencing recovery. This study evaluates the efficacy of the differential equation model in predicting pain trends, providing valuable insights into post-operative care. The findings may contribute to improved clinical practices by informing pain management protocols, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
Keywords: Differential Equation, Pain Progression, TKR surgery

Paper Title:
THE CHALLENGES OF BUSINESSES IN IMPLEMENTING A WORK FROM HOME POLICY IN SERVICE INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Author Name:
Varnima Sharma, Sandeep Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15689245
Page No.:
78-85
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THE CHALLENGES OF BUSINESSES IN IMPLEMENTING A WORK FROM HOME POLICY IN SERVICE INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Author: Varnima Sharma, Sandeep Kumar

There are many industries in which employees are doing work from home and in which one is service industry. In Service Industry employees are doing work from home are facing many challenges in implanting this policy. Challenges like communication, Job satisfaction, Work life balance, HR practices etc. Work from home has affected the lives of many people so here we will find out how employees are overcoming these challenges while doing work from home. There are still many businesses in Service Industry in which employees are doing work from home. Now with the pace of increasing this policy of work from home some employees are finding benefits and some are not. It has benefits as flexibility, improving retention of employees, if performing better work then increasing productivity also. It has negative aspects, as staff may feel isolated in doing work from home, development, lack of information also. The relationship between both employer and employee has become a circle of giving and taking benefits in which everyone is involved.
Keywords: Remote work, Employee Productivity, Efficiency, Human Resource Management, Job Satisfaction

Paper Title:
ेवर्तमान परिदृश्य में शैक्षणिक पुस्तकालयों और पुस्तकालय एवं सूचना विज्ञान सेवाओं तथा उत्पादों में विपणन की भूमिका
Author Name:
कृष्ण कुमार केशरवानी
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15702625
Page No.:
86-96
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ेवर्तमान परिदृश्य में शैक्षणिक पुस्तकालयों और पुस्तकालय एवं सूचना विज्ञान सेवाओं तथा उत्पादों में विपणन की भूमिका
Author: कृष्ण कुमार केशरवानी

वर्तमान परिदृश्य में समग्र वैश्विक गतिविधियॉं सूचना प्रणाली द्वारा संचालित है एवं नित्य सूचना का विस्फोट दिन-प्रतिदिन बहुत तेजी से बढ़ रहा है। केवलमात्र पुस्तकालय ही ऐंसी सामाजिक संस्थायें हैं जोकि जनमानस की सूचना आवश्यकता को पूरा करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। पुस्तकालयों में ही विभिन्न प्रकार के विषयों के ज्ञान और सूचनाओं से संबंधित सूचना सामग्रियों एवं उत्पादों का संग्रह होता हैं। ये ज्ञान और सूचना केंद्र प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से खुद को विपणन प्रणाली में शामिल करते हैं। आधुनिक सूचना एवं संचार तकनीकी के प्रचलित परिवेश में शैक्षणिक पुस्तकालयों ने उपयोगकर्ताओं की सूचना के आवश्यक उपयोग और सूचना तक 24ग7 पहुंच के लिए पुस्तकालयों ने खुद को रणनीतिक रूप से बदल दिया है। एक अवधारणा और एक अभ्यास के रूप में विपणन, अभी भी कई पुस्तकालय और सूचना कर्मियों के लिए अज्ञात लगता है। पुस्तकालय जैसा गैर-लाभकारी संगठन मूल रूप से वस्तुओं के बजाय सेवाओं के उत्पादन में लगा हुआ है। सेवाएँ मुख्य रूप से अमूर्त, अविभाज्य, परिवर्तनशील और नाशवान होने की विशेषताओं के कारण प्रकृति में भिन्न होती हैं। पुस्तकालय और सूचना विज्ञान के संदर्भ में पुस्तकालय उत्पाद, पुस्तकालय प्रचार, विपणन रणनीति, पुस्तकालय विपणन उपकरण एवं ब्रांडिंग में कई चुनौतीपूर्ण मुद्दे शामिल हैं। सबसे महत्वपूर्ण चीजों में से एक जो एक अच्छा शैक्षणिक पुस्तकालय प्रदान कर सकता है, वह है पुस्तकालय सेवाओं का उपयोग करने वाले लोगों के साथ दीर्घकालिक संबंध। आजकल कॉर्पोरेट कर्मचारी खुद को अपने निजी ब्रांड के रूप में ब्रांड करना शुरू कर देते हैं। अकादमिक लाइब्रेरियन भी अपने निजी ब्रांड के साथ पुस्तकालय और सूचना सेवाओं को अनुकूलित करके सबसे सकारात्मक रूढ़िवादिता ;ैजमतमवजलचमेद्ध बना सकते हैं।
की-वर्ड्सरू शैक्षणिक पुस्तकालय, पुस्तकालय और सूचना सेवाएँ विपणन, विपणन रणनीति, विपणन उपकरण, पुस्तकालय प्रचार, ब्रांडिंग ।

Paper Title:
CERTAIN FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL FORMULAS INVOLVING KAMPE DE FE´RIET FUNCTION
Author Name:
Gurmej Singh, Sapanjeet Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15760732
Page No.:
97-108
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CERTAIN FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL FORMULAS INVOLVING KAMPE DE FE´RIET FUNCTION
Author: Gurmej Singh, Sapanjeet Kaur

Fractional integral formulas are established by using fractional integral operators involving Kampe de Feriet Functions. Some special cases are also discussed in our present study.

Paper Title:
RESUME SORTING USING MACHINE LEARNING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Author Name:
Prabhjot kaur, Jasmeen Gill, Harmandeep Singh Gill
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16015078
Page No.:
109-115
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RESUME SORTING USING MACHINE LEARNING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Author: Prabhjot kaur, Jasmeen Gill, Harmandeep Singh Gill

Hiring is a crucial process in the recruitment organizations. Recruitment industry, with the rapid automation of hiring process has grown tremendously. Candidates are able to upload their resumes in diverse formats on variety of job portals. Resume sorting using varied machine learning techniques for improving this process is a great tool for ranking and evaluating the resumes; in order to choose the best skilled person from the pool of resumes. With the automation of resume sorting systems, different web based applications as well as varied recruiting agencies utilize Machine Learning and NLP techniques for this purpose. It also helps with customized shortlisting of the candidates. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various resumes sorting techniques using machine learning with key benefits like optimal performance, better accuracy, reduce cost, feature extraction, classification and ranking of resumes.
Keywords: Deep Learning, Resume Screening, Natural Language Processing, Classification, Ranking, Hiring Process, Automation, Machine Learning.

Paper Title:
UNVEILING TRANSPARENCY: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF DISCLOSURE NORMS IN INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES
Author Name:
Harsimrat Deo
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16410796
Page No.:
116-124
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UNVEILING TRANSPARENCY: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF DISCLOSURE NORMS IN INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES
Author: Harsimrat Deo

This paper attempts to make a comparative study of disclosure practices of Indian State Technical Universities vis-a-vis Global Technical Universities across the world, with regards to the levels of transparency, accountability and governance disclosure. It will compare the degree to which these institutions respect disclosure norms (i.e., the provision of key information to stakeholders). The study will also explore the extent of transparency and accountability in Indian STUs and global technical universities through the analysis of disclosure practices. The study will consist of a comprehensive literature review and review of publicly available documents, and interviews with key players in such institutions. The results could contribute to better understanding regarding the disclosure behaviour of the higher education and provide useful insights to policy makers, university’s administrations as well as other interest parties to promote transparency and governance in technical universities internationally.
Keywords: Disclosure practices, transparency, accountability, governance, Indian State Technical Universities, global technical universities.

Paper Title:
FOG COMPUTING VS. EDGE COMPUTING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Author Name:
Himat Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16677381
Page No.:
125-128
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FOG COMPUTING VS. EDGE COMPUTING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Author: Himat Singh

ABSTRACT
The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the increasing demand for lowlatency, real-time data processing have led to the emergence of two complementary
paradigms: fog computing and edge computing. While both aim to bring computation closer
to the data source, they differ in their architectural design, deployment strategies, and use
cases. This paper provides a comprehensive comparative study of fog computing and edge
computing, highlighting their similarities, differences, advantages, and limitations. We also
discuss their applications in various domains, such as smart cities, healthcare, and industrial
automation, and identify future research directions for these paradigms.
Keywords: Fog Computing, Edge Computing, IoT, Latency, Decentralized Computing,
Real-Time Processing

Paper Title:
GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, DALITS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA – AN OVER VIEW
Author Name:
Kumaraswamy T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17200832
Page No.:
29-133
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GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, DALITS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA – AN OVER VIEW
Author: Kumaraswamy T

ABSTRACT
This article on issues and conflict between Ambedkarite consciousness and Hindutva over
religion, politics and society has become even more violent with the intrusion of state power.
The paper stress on the Bharatiya Janata Party‟s relations with the Dalits are tense and
complex. For the party, Dalit assertiveness has become hard to comprehend. The BJP is
showing an interest in accommodating Dalit groups, but it knows that this embrace is not
palatable for its core supporters. The BJP in its strongholds in northern and western India has
been seen as a party of the urban middle class, the Banias, and a section of Brahmins. Over
time, the party also brought the Other Backward Classes and the Most Backward Classes
within its fold. With the retreat of socialist politics, the rural neo-rich from the backward
castes began feeling marginalised in national politics and moved towards Hindutva politics.
From the 1970s to 1990s, this community purchased rural land at a much faster rate and
emerged as a landed community. On the one hand, this affluent group appears to be part of
the new political leadership for post-Mandal Hindutva politics; on the other, being the landed
community, it is also perceived to be the oppressor of Dalits in everyday rural life.
Communalisation and saffronisation of public spaces is a new strategy adopted by the BJP to
mobilise each Dalit caste individually by evoking its unique caste identity. The party
reinterpreted and recreated the cultural resources of Dalits at the local level, including their
caste histories and heroes, with the aim of saffronising the Dalit psyche and memory,
ultimately transforming them into sites for political control. The local heroes of various
castes, particularly Dalits, have been selected by the party in different regions for
incorporation into one unified Hindutva metanarrative.
Keywords: Ambedkarite consciousness, Hindutva, religion, politics, society, state power,
Bharatiya Janata Party’s, Dalits, Other Backward Classes, Most Backward Classes.

Paper Title:
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN KARNATAKA – A STUDY
Author Name:
Thejasiwini M S & B. Jayarama Bhat
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17359469
Page No.:
134-140
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ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN KARNATAKA – A STUDY
Author: Thejasiwini M S & B. Jayarama Bhat

ABSTRACT
Karnataka has a relatively well-development and diverse transportation network that plays a
vital role in the state’s economic growth, trade, and connectivity. The transportation system
includes roadways, railways, and waterways, facilitating the movement of people and goods
across the state and beyond. The state government, along with the National Highways
Authority of India (NHAI) and Karnataka Road Development Corporation Limited
(KRDCL), has undertaken several initiatives to expand and improve road connectivity. The
objectives of the present study are to know the trends in road infrastructure in Karnataka and
specifically analyze the quantitative growth of different categories of roads in Karnataka and
explain the government initiatives to develop road infrastructure in the state. The present
paper is both descriptive and analytical in nature; this study depended on secondary data
drawn from the review of existing literature, the government reports and statistical data
related to Karnataka road infrastructure.
Keywords: Connectivity, Development, Economic Growth, Infrastructure, Transportation

Paper Title:
THE PROMISE AND PARADOX OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT
Author Name:
Satveer Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17542073
Page No.:
141-144
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THE PROMISE AND PARADOX OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT
Author: Satveer Kaur

ABSTRACT
The recent development of artificial intelligence has caused a paradigm shift in the global
economy by improving analysis and facilitating more informed decision-making. Notably,
the global expansion of artificial intelligence has created a paradox. On one hand, artificial
intelligence boosts productivity, innovation, and the development of new job opportunities.
On the other hand, artificial intelligence poses a threat to existing jobs and may raise issues of
inequality of incomes. This essay seeks to explore the promise of artificial intelligence as
well as the paradox that surrounds this technology by referring to the current trends of
artificial intelligence and its influence on productivity and the demand for skills in the
emerging labour markets. At the same time, the importance of governance and investment
patterns related to artificial intelligence’s impact on prosperity and inequality triggered by
this technology is also noted.
Keywords: AI; Automation; Employment; Jobs; Labor; Skills.

Paper Title:
WEB LITERACY: A SMART WAY TO USE THE WEB
Author Name:
Harvinderjit Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17616257
Page No.:
145-149
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WEB LITERACY: A SMART WAY TO USE THE WEB
Author: Harvinderjit Singh

ABSTRACT
This article is focused on web literacy and its use in the present era. In the present web era,
there is an information explosion that has created a peculiar situation where users feel
confused with the abundance of information, available in various forms and formats. Hence,
web literacy is an effective tool to enable them to be well equipped with all the abilities and
understandings to use the web-based resources optimally and wisely. Web literacy is
considered as the 4th fundamental skill next to reading, writing and arithmetic. It is an
effective tool in the hands of people to thrive in today‟s web era that enables them to not only
to access, evaluate and use web based resources and services ethically but also to participate
by creating and contributing their own content on various digital platforms.
Keywords: Information Explosion, Information Pollution, Media and Information Literacy,
Web Technology, Web Literacy

Paper Title:
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN’S AUTONOMY – A CASE STUDY ON SOMWARAPET TALUK OF KODAGU DISTRICT
Author Name:
Harsha B D
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17649448
Page No.:
150-162
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AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN’S AUTONOMY – A CASE STUDY ON SOMWARAPET TALUK OF KODAGU DISTRICT
Author: Harsha B D

ABSTRACT:
SHGs act as powerful agents of rural women empowerment by creating opportunities for
income generation, fostering financial independence, building social networks, and enhancing
decision-making abilities. They transform women from passive dependents into active
contributors to household income and community development. This study examines the
evolution, growth, and financial performance of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in India between
2012–13 and 2023–24, while also evaluating their role in empowering rural women. The
analysis covers employment opportunities, income generation, savings behaviour, and access
to credit among respondents in the study area, using a mean impact score approach. The
results indicate that SHGs have contributed to increased economic participation of women,
enhanced household income, strengthened saving practices, and improved access to formal
credit, thereby reinforcing their role in advancing rural women’s empowerment and financial
inclusion. In this study explores the origin, growth and economic performance of SHGs in
India from 2012–13 to 2023–24 using recent data, and also impact of SHGs on Rural
Women’s Autonomy assesses the Impact of SHGs on respondents’ Employment, Income
Generation, Savings/Deposits and Credit access in study area through a Derivation of mean
impact score. Findings reveal that SHGs in India grew steadily during Between 2012–13 and
2023–24, SHGs nearly doubled from 73.18 lakh to 144.22 lakh (CAGR 5.82%), while
savings with banks rose sharply from ₹8,217 crore to ₹65,089 crore (CAGR 18.82%),
reflecting stronger financial participation. Loan-linked SHGs expanded from 12.20 lakh to
54.82 lakh (CAGR 13.34%), and bank disbursements surged from ₹20,585 crore to ₹2,09,286
crore (CAGR 21.32%), making SHGs a key channel for rural credit delivery. Outstanding
loans also grew from ₹39,375 crore to ₹2,59,664 crore (CAGR 17.02%), raising concerns
over repayment risks. The mean impact scores show that SHGs had the greatest effect on
enhancing savings and deposits (1.3), followed by household facilities (1.25), financial
decision-making (1.2), and social status (1.1). Moderate impacts were noted in standard of
living (1.08) and income generation with self-confidence (1.05), while financial literacy
scored lowest (0.95). Overall, the decade shows not just numerical expansion but deeper
financial linkages, positioning SHGs as a vital instrument of empowerment and inclusion,
though requiring stronger monitoring and capacity building for sustainability. SHGs have
made a significant positive contribution to the empowerment of rural women in the study
area.
Key words: Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Economic Performance, Rural Women
Empowerment.

Paper Title:
TALENT ACQUISITION IN THE DIGITAL ERA: LEVERAGING SOCIAL MEDIA AND AI-DRIVEN RECRUITMENT
Author Name:
Gurdeep Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17670075
Page No.:
163-172
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TALENT ACQUISITION IN THE DIGITAL ERA: LEVERAGING SOCIAL MEDIA AND AI-DRIVEN RECRUITMENT
Author: Gurdeep Singh

ABSTRACT:
The evolution of technology has profoundly transformed talent acquisition, making digital
tools indispensable in modern recruitment strategies. This secondary research paper examines
how organizations utilize social media platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies
to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of hiring processes. By reviewing existing
literature, industry reports, and case studies, the paper highlights key trends in digital
recruitment, including the expanding role of social media in attracting diverse talent pools
and strengthening employer branding. Additionally, the use of AI-powered tools such as
automated resume screening, chatbots, and predictive analytics is analyzed for their potential
to reduce hiring time, improve candidate-job fit, and minimize unconscious bias. While these
innovations offer significant advantages, challenges related to data privacy, ethical concerns,
and technological limitations are also discussed. The paper underscores the necessity for HR
professionals to strategically integrate social media and AI-driven recruitment to remain
competitive in attracting top talent. This study contributes to understanding the shifting
landscape of talent acquisition in the digital age and provides insights for organizations
aiming to optimize their recruitment processes through technology.
Keywords: Talent Acquisition, Social Media Recruitment, Artificial Intelligence, Digital
Recruitment, HR Technology, Employer Branding.

Paper Title:
SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETOELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BIFEO₃-BASED MULTIFERROICS FOR SPINTRONIC APPLICATIONS
Author Name:
Golak Kumar Mandal & Manish Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17813275
Page No.:
173-180
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SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETOELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BIFEO₃-BASED MULTIFERROICS FOR SPINTRONIC APPLICATIONS
Author: Golak Kumar Mandal & Manish Kumar

ABSTRACT
Multiferroic materials that simultaneously exhibit ferroelectric and magnetic ordering are
highly promising for next-generation spintronic devices. Among them, bismuth ferrite
(BiFeO₃) stands out as one of the few single-phase multiferroics at room temperature. This
paper reports on the sol-gel synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles and their magnetoelectric
characterization for potential use in spintronic applications. Structural confirmation using Xray diffraction (XRD), surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and
ferroelectric behavior through P–E loop analysis are presented. Magnetic characterization
was conducted using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and the observed weak
ferromagnetism along with high dielectric tunability confirms the suitability of BiFeO₃ for
multifunctional device integration. The paper discusses the synthesis parameters, phase
purity, and the structure–property correlation essential for spintronic applications.
Keywords: BiFeO₃, multiferroics, sol-gel synthesis, spintronics, magnetoelectric coupling,
ferroelectricity, magnetic characterization, structural analysis

Paper Title:
A QUANTUM-MECHANICAL LIMIT ANALYSIS OF MOSFET SCALING BELOW 5 NM GATE LENGTH
Author Name:
Pooja Kumari
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17813613
Page No.:
81-190
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A QUANTUM-MECHANICAL LIMIT ANALYSIS OF MOSFET SCALING BELOW 5 NM GATE LENGTH
Author: Pooja Kumari

ABSTRACT
Conventional MOSFET scaling has been driven for decades by classical electrostatic
considerations and Dennard scaling rules. As the physical gate length approaches and falls
below 5 nm, however, quantum-mechanical phenomena, especially source–drain tunnelling,
quantum confinement, gate-oxide tunnelling and ballistic transport, become the dominant
factors limiting further scaling. This paper presents a theoretical, quantum-mechanical limit
analysis of MOSFET scaling in the sub-5 nm regime, using scale-length theory, Landauer–
Datta transport, and benchmark data from state-of-the-art silicon and two-dimensional (2D)
material devices. We review classical scaling and its breakdown, quantify tunnelling-driven
leakage and subthreshold swing limits, and discuss ballistic current saturation for
aggressively scaled channels. Using published ab initio quantum-transport simulations of
sub-5 nm monolayer and bilayer MOSFETs (e.g., MoSi₂N₄, GaSe, SnS₂), we construct
illustrative plots of on-current, subthreshold swing, and Ion/Ioff versus gate length and
compare them with IRDS/ITRS targets for high-performance and low-power logic. Our
analysis suggests that for silicon-based MOSFETs operating at room temperature and
realistic supply voltages, practical logic devices face severe trade-offs below an effective gate
length of ~5–7 nm because of exponentially rising tunnelling leakage and loss of electrostatic
control, even with multi-gate architectures. In contrast, 2D semiconductors with large
bandgaps and high effective mass can in principle sustain competitive Ion at gate lengths
down to ~2–3 nm, but only with optimised gate stacks, dielectric engineering, and nearly
ballistic transport. The paper concludes with design guidelines and a discussion of whether
further ―Moore-like‖ scaling should focus on III–V and 2D channels, new switching
mechanisms, or system-level architectural innovations, rather than purely geometric
shrinking of Si MOSFETs.
Keywords: MOSFET scaling, sub-5 nm gate length, quantum transport, source–drain
tunnelling, ballistic MOSFET, 2D materials, Landauer formalism, IRDS.

Paper Title:
IKS (INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS) IN TEACHER EDUCATION INCLUDING VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS
Author Name:
Manisha Jamod
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18505024
Page No.:
191-197
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IKS (INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS) IN TEACHER EDUCATION INCLUDING VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS
Author: Manisha Jamod

ABSTRACT
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), rooted in India’s civilizational heritage, offer a vast corpus of intellectual, artistic, scientific, and pedagogical traditions. With India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 affirming the integration of IKS across all levels of education, teacher education programs have a critical responsibility to equip future educators with frameworks that draw from both indigenous epistemologies and contemporary disciplinary knowledge.
This paper explores the role of IKS in teacher education, with a special emphasis on visual and performing arts such as music, dance, theatre, storytelling, and traditional crafts. The study examines the conceptual foundation of IKS, its pedagogical value, the challenges of integrating arts-based IKS content, and the transformative potential of such integration for holistic learning. The paper concludes by proposing a practical model for embedding IKS within teacher education curricula and highlights the need for research, policy support, and teacher capacity-building.

Key Characteristics of IKS: Holistic Worldview: IKS does not separate disciplines sharply but views knowledge as interconnected. Arts, science, spirituality, and daily life are intertwined.

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